for owing to their love of honour they cannot bear being slighted; and are indignant if they imagine themselves unfairly treated。 While they love honour; they love victory still more; for youth is eager for superiority over others; and victory is one form of this。 They love both more than they love money; which indeed they love very little; not having yet learnt what it means to be without it—this is the point of Pittancus; remark about Amphiaraus。 They look at the good side rather than the bad; not having yet witnessed many instances of wickedness。 They trust others readily; because they have not yet often been cheated3。
They are sanguine4; nature warms their blood as though with excess of wine; and besides that; they have as yet met with few disappointments。 Their lives are mainly spent not in memory but in expectation; for expectation refers to the future; memory to the past; and youth has a long future before it and a short past behind it: on the first day of one’s life one has nothing at all to remember; and can only look forward。
They are easily cheated; owing to the sanguine disposition just mentioned。 Their hot tempers and hopeful dispositions make them more courageous than older men are; the hot temper prevents fear; and the hopeful disposition creates confidence; we cannot feel tear so long as we are feeling angry; and any expectation of good makes us confident。
They are shy; accepting the rules of society in which they have been trained; and not yet believing in any other standard of honour。 They have exalted5 notions; because they have not yet been humbled by life or learnt its necessary limitations; moreover; their hopeful disposition makes them think themselves equal to great things and that means having exalted notions。 They would always rather do noble deeds than useful ones: their lives are regulated more by moral feeling than by reasoning; and whereas reasoning leads us to choose what is useful; moral goodness leads us to choose what is noble。
They are fonder of their friends; intimates; and panions than older men are; because they like spending their days in the pany of others; and have not yet e to value either their friends or anything else by their usefulness to themselves。 All their mistakes are in the direction of doing things excessively and vehemently。 They disobey Chilon’s precept by overdoing everything; they love too much and hate too much; and the same thing with everything else。 They think they know everything; and are always quite sure about it; this; in fact; is why they overdo everything。。。 They are ready to pity others; because they think everyone an honest man; or anyhow better than he is: they judge their neighbor by their own harmless natures; and so cannot think he deserves to be treated in that way。 They are fond of fun and therefore witty; wit being well…bred insolence。
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徒步旅行(1)
'英国'罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森
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罗伯特·路易斯·斯蒂文生(1850—1894),英国小说家,生于爱丁堡,毕业于爱丁堡大学法律系,但他最大的志向却是在文学方面。他的第一部散文著作《内陆航行》于1878年出版。他一生被肺病困扰,周游各地养病,期间发表大量短篇小说和游记。
我们一定不可以像有些人那样,认为徒步旅行来观赏乡村风景不过是一种不错或糟糕的方式。其实观赏山水风景的方法很多,而且都很不错,只是没有一种方法比得上坐火车观赏生动有趣。尽管一些假冒风雅之人并不赞同,但是徒步观光是一种十分可行的方法。一个真正有兄弟情怀的人乘船出行时,并不奢求沿途特殊的景观,而是怀着某种愉快之情——从早晨船只充满希望、精神抖擞地出航,到夜晚平安、充实地归航。他说不清是挎上背包时,还是卸下背包时更快乐。起程时的兴奋已将归行的喜悦降落在他身上。不管他做了什么,不仅仅是对其本身的奖赏,一定也会在未来得到更丰厚的赏赐。因此,快乐带来快乐,源源不断。关于这一点,只有少数人能够明白。大多数人不是长期待在一个地方不动,就是顷刻数里。他们不会将两者折中,而是终日劳碌奔忙。而且,最重要的是赶路之人不能领悟旅游的乐趣。这种人,自己对着酒罐痛饮时,见到别人用小杯子喝就会心生反感。他不会相信,啜酒才能品出酒的醇香;也不会相信拼命赶路只会让自己变得麻木、冷酷无情;晚上回到客栈感觉筋疲力尽、头脑昏沉,并不像悠闲的漫步者一样,夜晚对他来说并不温和迷人。睡帽与上床大睡是他唯一的要求;如果他是个吸烟的人,甚至连烟斗也会变得索然无味,没有了诱惑力。在追求快乐的过程中,这种人注定要事倍功半,并且最终与快乐无缘。总之,他如同谚语中所说的那种人——走得越远越糟糕。
那么,要好好地享受旅行,徒步旅行者需要力求独自前往。如果你让人陪伴或结伴而行,那就不再是徒步旅行,徒有其表罢了,更像是大自然中的一次野炊。徒步旅行应单独进行,因为自由是徒步出游的,因为你能随时停下或继续前进,随着自己的心情选择这条路或那条路;因为你必须有自己的步调,既不需要跟紧步履匆匆之人,也无须在女孩儿身上浪费时间。然后,你一定要抒发自己所有的情怀,让你的所见之物为思想添彩。你应该做一支任风吹走的笛子。哈兹里特曾说:“我不能体会行走与谈论同步的乐趣。当我身在乡村时,我向往简单纯粹的生活,就像村民们一样。”这正是独自旅行的内涵。在你的身边不该有嘈杂之声打破沉思的寂静清晨。一个没有停止思考的人,是不会全身心地陶醉在来自户外的美好景致之中的。陶醉起始于意乱眼迷,思维的停滞,最终进入一种超凡的平和境界。
任何形式的出游,第一天总会有些苦涩的瞬间。当旅行者对他的背包感觉更糟,想要把它抛到篱笆之外时,会像基督徒在类似情形下的做法一样,“跳三跳,继续歌唱”。但是,很快你就能获得出游的舒适心境。它会变得有吸引力,出游的精神也会被吸引在其中。于是,背包一背上肩,你残留的睡意就会顷刻全无,抖擞精神,大跨步地开始新的旅行。无疑,在所有的心绪中,选择道路时的那种心情是最好的。当然,如果他要继续考虑那些烦心事,如果他像阿布达的箱子一样敞开胸怀与女巫同行的话,那么无论他身在哪里,也无论他是疾走还是漫步,他都不会快乐。而且,这给自己的人生带来多少羞愧啊!如果现在有30个人同时出发的话,我敢跟你打赌,在这30个人中,你再不会找到一个脸色忧郁之人。这是一件很值得去做的事情。试想,一个夏日的清晨,这些旅行者带着夜色,一个接一个地上路了。他们当中有一个步调很快的人,他的目光中带着渴望,全神贯注于自己的思绪,原来他正在自出机杼,斟字酌句,将山水秀景再现于文字。有一个人,边走边凝视着草间;他在小河边停下,去看看那里飞舞的蜻蜓;他倾斜着身子依靠在茅屋门前,看不够那安然自得的母牛群。另外有一个人,他说着、笑着,对自己指手画脚地一路走来。随着他眼中闪现的怒火,或是额头上的阴云,他的脸色在不时地变化着。原来他正在路边构思文稿,表达演说,进行着最热烈的会谈。再过一会儿,他又极可能引吭高歌。对他而言,假如他在这方面不是很擅长,刚好又在拐角处碰上一个并不木讷的农民,我想不出还有什么比这样的情形更糟糕的事情,我实在不知道是这位民谣歌手更尴尬,还是那位农民更难受。久居于室内的人通常不习惯去那些陌生的地方,也不能理解这些游客的乐趣所在。我认识一个人,他曾被指控为疯汉,因为尽管他已是一个长着红胡子的成年人,但是走起路来却像孩子一样蹦蹦跳跳。如果我告诉你,很多学识渊博的学者都向我坦白,他们徒步出游的时候都会唱歌,而且唱得很难听,当他们遇到上面的情况——与一个不幸的农民相遇时,都会羞愧难当,你一定会很吃惊。
徒步旅行(2)
Walking Tours
Robert Louis Stevenson
It must not be imagined that a walking tour; as some would have us fancy1; is merely a better or worse way of seeing the country。 There are many ways of seeing landscape quite as good; and none more vivid; in spite of canting dilettantes2; than from a railway train。 But landscape on a walking tour is quite accessory。 He who is indeed of the brotherhood does not voyage inquest of the picturesque; but of certain jolly humors of the hope and spirit with which the