Roman Empire�察�remember�察�was never stronger than when the old Patrician
blood had mingled itself with that of every nation round the
Mediterranean。
But it does not last。 Selfishness�察�luxury�察�ferocity�察�spread from above�察�
as well as from below。 The just aristocracy of virtue and wisdom
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bees an unjust one of mere power and privilege�察 �that again�察 �one of
mere wealth corrupting and corrupt�察 �and is destroyed�察 �not by the people
from below�察�but by the monarch from above。 The hereditary bondsmen
may know
Who would be free�察�Himself must strike the blow。
But they dare not�察 �know not how。 The king must do it for them。
He must bee the State。 ;Better one tyrant�察─ �as Voltaire said�察 �than
many。; Better stand in fear of one lion far away�察�than of many wolves�察�
each in the nearest wood。 And so arise those truly monstrous Eastern
despotisms�察 �of which modern Persia is�察 �thank God�察 �the only remaining
specimen�察 �for Turkey and Egypt are too amenable of late years to the
influence of the free nations to be counted as despotisms pure and simple
despotisms in which men�察�instead of worshipping a God´man�察�worship the
hideous counterfeit�察�a Man´goda poor human being endowed by public
opinion with the powers of deity�察 �while he is the slave of all the
weaknesses of humanity。 But such�察�as an historic fact�察�has been the last
stage of every civilisation even that of Rome�察�which ripened itself upon
this earth the last in ancient times�察�and�察�I had almost said�察�until this very
day�察 �except among the men who speak Teutonic tongues�察 �and who have
preserved through all temptations�察�and reasserted through all dangers�察�the
free ideas which have been our sacred heritage ever since Tacitus beheld
us�察�with respect and awe�察�among our German forests�察�and saw in us the
future masters of the Roman Empire。
Yes�察�it is very sad�察�the past history of mankind。 But shall we despise
those who went before us�察 �and on whose accumulated labours we now
stand�拭�
Shall we not reverence our spiritual ancestors�拭 �Shall we not show
our reverence by copying them�察�at least whenever�察�as in those old Persians�察�
we see in them manliness and truthfulness�察 �hatred of idolatries�察 �and
devotion to the God of light and life and good�拭 �And shall we not feel
pity�察 �instead of contempt�察 �for their ruder forms of government�察 �their
ignorances�察�excesses�察�failuresso excusable in men who�察�with little or no
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previous teaching�察�were trying to solve for themselves for the first time the
deepest social and political problems of humanity。
Yes�察�those old despotisms we trust are dead�察�and never to revive。 But
their corpses are the corpses�察�not of our enemies�察�but of our friends and
predecessors�察 �slain in the world´old fight of Ormuzd against Ahriman
light against darkness�察�order against disorder。 Confusedly they fought�察�and
sometimes ill�此 �but their corpses piled the breach and filled the trench
for us�察�and over their corpses we step on to what should be to us an easy
victorywhat may be to us�察�yet�察�a shameful ruin。
For if we be�察�as we are wont to boast�察�the salt of the earth and the light
of the world�察 �what if the salt should lose its savour�拭 �What if the light
which is in us should bee darkness�拭 �For myself�察�when I look upon
the responsibilities of the free nations of modern times�察 �so far from
boasting of that liberty in which I delightand to keep which I freely�察�too�察�
could dieI rather say�察�in fear and trembling�察�God help us on whom He
has laid so heavy a burden as to make us free�察�responsible�察�each individual
of us�察�not only to ourselves�察�but to Him and all mankind。 For if we fall
we shall fall I know not whither�察�and I dare not think。
How those old despotisms�察 �the mighty empires of old time�察 �fell�察 �we
know�察 �and we can easily explain。 Corrupt�察 �luxurious�察 �effeminate�察 �eaten
out by universal selfishness and mutual fear�察�they had at last no organic
coherence。 The moral anarchy within showed through�察 �at last burst
through�察�the painted skin of prescriptive order which held them together。
Some braver and abler�察�and usually more virtuous people�察�often some little�察�
hardy�察 �homely mountain tribe�察 �saw that the fruit was ripe for gathering�察�
and�察�caring naught for superior numbersand saying with German Alaric
when the Romans boasted of their numbers�察 �The thicker the hay the
easier it is mowed;struck one brave blow at the huge inflated wind´bag
as Cyrus and his handful of Persians struck at the Medes�察 �as Alexander
and his handful of Greeks struck afterwards at the Persiansand behold�察�it
collapsed upon the spot。 And then the victors took the place of the
conquered�察�and became in their turn an aristocracy�察�and then a despotism�察�
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and in their turn rotted down and perished。 And so the vicious circle
repeated itself�察�age after age�察�from Egypt and Assyria to Mexico and Peru。
And therefore�察 �we�察 �free peoples as we are�察 �have need to watch�察 �and
sternly watch�察�ourselves。 Equality of some kind or other is�察�as I said�察�our
natural and seemingly inevitable goal。 But which equality�拭 �For there
are twoa true one and a false�察 �a noble and a base�察 �a healthful and a
ruinous。 There is the truly divine equality�察�and there is the brute equality
of sheep and oxen�察�and of flies and worms。 There is the equality which is
founded on mutual envy。 The equality which respects others�察 �and the
equality which asserts itself。 The equality which longs to raise all alike�察�
and the equality which desires to pull down all alike。 The equality which
says�此 �Thou art as good as I�察�and it may be better too�察�in the sight of God。
And the equality which says�此 �I am as good as thou�察�an
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