ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及2何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

find   in   so   many   parts   of   the   United   States�察  �still   in   existence   some   900 

years ago�察�and were these old Norse cousins of ours upon the very edge of 

it�拭   �Be that as it may�察�how nearly did these fierce Vikings�察�some of whom 

seemed to have sailed far south along the shore�察�bee aware that just 

beyond them lay a land of fruits and spices�察�gold and gems�拭                    �The adverse 

current   of   the   Gulf   Stream�察  �it   may   be�察  �would   have   long   prevented   their 

getting   past   the   Bahamas   into   the   Gulf   of   Mexico�察  �but�察  �sooner   or   later�察�

some storm must have carried a Greenland viking to San Domingo or to 

Cuba�察�and then�察�as has been well said�察�some Scandinavian dynasty might 

have sat upon the throne of Mexico。 

     These stories   are   well   known   to   antiquarians。         They   may  be   found�察�

almost   all   of   them�察  �in   Professor   Rafn's   ;Antiquitates   Americanae。;   The 

action   in   them   stands   out   often   so   clear   and   dramatic�察  �that   the   internal 

evidence   of   historic   truth   is   irresistible。    Thorvald�察  �who�察  �when   he   saw 



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what seems to be�察�they say�察�the bluff head of Alderton at the south´east end 

of   Boston     Bay�察   �said�察  �Here    should     I  like  to  dwell�察─   �and�察  �shot   by   an 

Esquimaux arrow�察�bade bury him on that place�察�with a cross at his head 

and    a  cross    at  his  feet�察 �and   call   the  place    Cross    Ness   for   evermore�察�

Gudrida�察�the magnificent widow�察�who wins hearts and sees strange deeds 

from Iceland to Greenland�察�and Greenland to Vinland and back�察�and at last�察�

worn out and sad�察�goes off on a pilgrimage to Rome�察�Helgi and Finnbogi�察�

the  Norwegians�察  �who�察  �like   our Arctic   voyagers   in   after   times�察  �devise   all 

sorts   of   sports   and   games   to   keep   the   men   in   humour   during   the   long 

winter at Hope�察�and last�察�but not least�察�the terrible Freydisa�察�who�察�when the 

Norse are seized with a sudden panic at the Esquimaux and flee from them�察�

as they had three weeks before fled from Thorfinn's bellowing bull�察�turns�察�

when so weak that she cannot escape�察�single´ handed on the savages�察�and 

catching   up   a   slain   man's   sword�察  �puts   them   all   to   flight   with   her   fierce 

visage   and   fierce   criesFreydisa   the   Terrible�察  �who�察  �in   another   voyage�察�

persuades   her   husband   to   fall   on   Helgi   and   Finnbogi�察  �when   asleep�察  �and 

murder them and all their men�察�and then�察�when he will not murder the five 

women too�察�takes up an axe and slays them all herself�察�and getting back to 

Greenland�察       �when     the   dark    and    unexplained       tale   es     out�察   �lives 

unpunished�察      �but   abhorred     henceforth。      All    these   folks�察  �I  say�察  �are  no 

phantoms�察�but realities�察�at least�察�if I can judge of internal evidence。 

     But beyond them�察�and hovering on the verge of Mythus and Fairyland�察�

there is a ballad called ;Finn the Fair�察─�and how 

       An upland Earl had twa braw sons�察�My story to begin�察�The tane was 

Light Haldane the strong�察�The tither was winsome Finn。 

       and so forth�察�which was still sung�察�with other ;rimur�察─�or ballads�察�in 

the Faroes�察�at the end of the last century。             Professor Rafn has inserted it�察�

because      it  talks  of   Vinland    as   a  well´known       place�察  �and    because     the 

brothers are sent by the princess to slay American kings�察�but that Rime has 

another value。        It is of a beauty so perfect�察�and yet so like the old Scotch 

ballads     in  its  heroic   conception      of  love�察  �and   in   all  its  forms   and   its 

qualities�察�that it is one proof more�察�to any student of early European poetry�察�



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that we and these old Norsemen are men of the same blood。 

     If   anything   more   important   than   is   told   by   Professor   Rafn   and   Mr。 

Black   ��2��   be   now   known   to   the   antiquarians   of   Massachusetts�察  �let   me 

entreat them to pardon my ignorance。                But let me record my opinion that�察�

though somewhat too much may have been made in past years of certain 

rock´inscriptions�察�and so forth�察�on this side of the Atlantic�察�there can be no 

reasonable doubt that our own race landed and tried to settle on the shore 

of   New   England   six   hundred   years   before   their   kinsmen�察  �and�察  �in   many 

cases�察    �their   actual    descendants�察      �the   august    Pilgrim     Fathers     of   the 

seventeenth   century。        And   so�察  �as   I   said�察  �a   Scandinavian   dynasty   might 

have   been   seated   now   upon   the   throne   of   Mexico。        And   how   was   that 

strange   chance   lost�拭     �First�察  �of   course�察  �by   the   length   and   danger   of   the 

coasting voyage。         It was one thing to have�察�like Columbus and Vespucci�察�

Cortes     and    Pizarro�察   �the   Azores     as  a   halfway     port�察  �another    to   have 

Greenland�察  �or   even   Iceland。        It   was   one   thing   to   run   south´west   upon 

Columbus's track�察�across the Mar de Damas�察�the Ladies' Sea�察�which hardly 

knows a storm�察�with the blazing blue above�察�the blazing blue below�察�in an 

ever´warming         climate�察   �where    every    breath   is  life  and   joy�察  �another    to 

struggle against the fogs and icebergs�察�the rocks and currents of the dreary 

North Atlantic。        No wonder�察�then�察�that the knowledge of Markland�察�and 

Vinland�察     �and   Whiteman's       Land    died   away     in  a  few    generations�察    �and 

became but fireside sagas for the winter nights。 

     But there were other causes�察�more honourable to the dogged energy of 

the Norse。       They were in those very years conquering and settling nearer 

home      as   no   other    peopleunless�察     �perhaps�察    �the   old   Ionian     Greeks 

conquered and settled。 

     Greenland�察�we have seen�察�they heldthe western side at leastand held 

it long and well enough to afford�察�it is said�察�2��600 pounds of walrus' teeth 

as   yearly   tithe   to   the   Pope�察  �besides   Peter's   pence�察  �and   to   build   many   a 

convent�察�and church�察�and cathedral�察�with farms and homesteads round�察�for 

one   saga   speaks   of   Greenland   as   producing   wheat   of   the   finest   quality。 

All is ruined now�察�perhaps by gradual change of climate。 



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     But they  had   richer fields of   enterprise than   Greenland�察  �Iceland�察  �and 

the    Faroes。     Their     boldest    outlaws     at  that   very    timewhether       from 

Norway�察  �Swede

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺