find in so many parts of the United States�察 �still in existence some 900
years ago�察�and were these old Norse cousins of ours upon the very edge of
it�拭 �Be that as it may�察�how nearly did these fierce Vikings�察�some of whom
seemed to have sailed far south along the shore�察�bee aware that just
beyond them lay a land of fruits and spices�察�gold and gems�拭 �The adverse
current of the Gulf Stream�察 �it may be�察 �would have long prevented their
getting past the Bahamas into the Gulf of Mexico�察 �but�察 �sooner or later�察�
some storm must have carried a Greenland viking to San Domingo or to
Cuba�察�and then�察�as has been well said�察�some Scandinavian dynasty might
have sat upon the throne of Mexico。
These stories are well known to antiquarians。 They may be found�察�
almost all of them�察 �in Professor Rafn's ;Antiquitates Americanae。; The
action in them stands out often so clear and dramatic�察 �that the internal
evidence of historic truth is irresistible。 Thorvald�察 �who�察 �when he saw
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what seems to be�察�they say�察�the bluff head of Alderton at the south´east end
of Boston Bay�察 �said�察 �Here should I like to dwell�察─ �and�察 �shot by an
Esquimaux arrow�察�bade bury him on that place�察�with a cross at his head
and a cross at his feet�察 �and call the place Cross Ness for evermore�察�
Gudrida�察�the magnificent widow�察�who wins hearts and sees strange deeds
from Iceland to Greenland�察�and Greenland to Vinland and back�察�and at last�察�
worn out and sad�察�goes off on a pilgrimage to Rome�察�Helgi and Finnbogi�察�
the Norwegians�察 �who�察 �like our Arctic voyagers in after times�察 �devise all
sorts of sports and games to keep the men in humour during the long
winter at Hope�察�and last�察�but not least�察�the terrible Freydisa�察�who�察�when the
Norse are seized with a sudden panic at the Esquimaux and flee from them�察�
as they had three weeks before fled from Thorfinn's bellowing bull�察�turns�察�
when so weak that she cannot escape�察�single´ handed on the savages�察�and
catching up a slain man's sword�察 �puts them all to flight with her fierce
visage and fierce criesFreydisa the Terrible�察 �who�察 �in another voyage�察�
persuades her husband to fall on Helgi and Finnbogi�察 �when asleep�察 �and
murder them and all their men�察�and then�察�when he will not murder the five
women too�察�takes up an axe and slays them all herself�察�and getting back to
Greenland�察 �when the dark and unexplained tale es out�察 �lives
unpunished�察 �but abhorred henceforth。 All these folks�察 �I say�察 �are no
phantoms�察�but realities�察�at least�察�if I can judge of internal evidence。
But beyond them�察�and hovering on the verge of Mythus and Fairyland�察�
there is a ballad called ;Finn the Fair�察─�and how
An upland Earl had twa braw sons�察�My story to begin�察�The tane was
Light Haldane the strong�察�The tither was winsome Finn。
and so forth�察�which was still sung�察�with other ;rimur�察─�or ballads�察�in
the Faroes�察�at the end of the last century。 Professor Rafn has inserted it�察�
because it talks of Vinland as a well´known place�察 �and because the
brothers are sent by the princess to slay American kings�察�but that Rime has
another value。 It is of a beauty so perfect�察�and yet so like the old Scotch
ballads in its heroic conception of love�察 �and in all its forms and its
qualities�察�that it is one proof more�察�to any student of early European poetry�察�
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that we and these old Norsemen are men of the same blood。
If anything more important than is told by Professor Rafn and Mr。
Black ��2�� be now known to the antiquarians of Massachusetts�察 �let me
entreat them to pardon my ignorance。 But let me record my opinion that�察�
though somewhat too much may have been made in past years of certain
rock´inscriptions�察�and so forth�察�on this side of the Atlantic�察�there can be no
reasonable doubt that our own race landed and tried to settle on the shore
of New England six hundred years before their kinsmen�察 �and�察 �in many
cases�察 �their actual descendants�察 �the august Pilgrim Fathers of the
seventeenth century。 And so�察 �as I said�察 �a Scandinavian dynasty might
have been seated now upon the throne of Mexico。 And how was that
strange chance lost�拭 �First�察 �of course�察 �by the length and danger of the
coasting voyage。 It was one thing to have�察�like Columbus and Vespucci�察�
Cortes and Pizarro�察 �the Azores as a halfway port�察 �another to have
Greenland�察 �or even Iceland。 It was one thing to run south´west upon
Columbus's track�察�across the Mar de Damas�察�the Ladies' Sea�察�which hardly
knows a storm�察�with the blazing blue above�察�the blazing blue below�察�in an
ever´warming climate�察 �where every breath is life and joy�察 �another to
struggle against the fogs and icebergs�察�the rocks and currents of the dreary
North Atlantic。 No wonder�察�then�察�that the knowledge of Markland�察�and
Vinland�察 �and Whiteman's Land died away in a few generations�察 �and
became but fireside sagas for the winter nights。
But there were other causes�察�more honourable to the dogged energy of
the Norse。 They were in those very years conquering and settling nearer
home as no other peopleunless�察 �perhaps�察 �the old Ionian Greeks
conquered and settled。
Greenland�察�we have seen�察�they heldthe western side at leastand held
it long and well enough to afford�察�it is said�察�2��600 pounds of walrus' teeth
as yearly tithe to the Pope�察 �besides Peter's pence�察 �and to build many a
convent�察�and church�察�and cathedral�察�with farms and homesteads round�察�for
one saga speaks of Greenland as producing wheat of the finest quality。
All is ruined now�察�perhaps by gradual change of climate。
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But they had richer fields of enterprise than Greenland�察 �Iceland�察 �and
the Faroes。 Their boldest outlaws at that very timewhether from
Norway�察 �Swede
弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。
壘匯和
耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺