ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及26何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��



progressed before。         Forit is a fact always to be rememberedit was only 

in the free air of Protestant countries the natural sciences could grow and 

thrive。     They   sprung   up�察  �indeed�察  �in   Italy   after   the   restoration   of   Greek 

literature in the fifteenth century�察�but they withered there again only too 

soon under the blighting upas shade of superstition。                    Transplanted to the 

free air of Switzerland�察�of Germany�察�of Britain�察�and of Montpellier�察�then 

half Protestant�察�they developed rapidly and surely�察�simply because the air 

was free�察�to be checked again in France by the return of superstition with 

despotism super´added�察�until the eve of the great French Revolution。 

     So Rondelet had been   for some   years   Protestant。                He had hidden   in 

his house for a long while a monk who had left his monastery。                          He had 

himself written theological treatises�此             �but when his Bishop Pellicier was 

imprisoned   on   a   charge   of   heresy�察  �Rondelet   burnt   his   manuscripts�察  �and 

kept   his   opinions   to   himself。      Still   he   was   a   suspected   heretic�察  �at   last 

seemingly   a   notorious   one�察  �for   only   the   year   before   his   death�察  �going   to 

visit patients at Perpignan�察�he was waylaid by the Spaniards�察�and had to 

get home through bypasses of the Pyrenees�察�to avoid being thrown into the 

Inquisition。 

     And   those   were   times   in   which   it   was   necessary   for   a   man   to   be 

careful�察  �unless   he   had   made   up   his   mind   to   be   burned。     For   more   than 

thirty     years    of   Rondelet's      life   the   burning      had    gone     on    in   his 

neighbourhood�察�intermittently it is true�此              �the spasms of superstitious fury 

being succeeded�察�one may charitably hope�察�by pity and remorse�察�but still 

the   burnings   had   gone   on。       The   Benedictine   monk   of   St。   Maur�察        �who 

writes the history of Languedoc�察�says�察�quite en passant�察�how someone was 

burnt   at   Toulouse   in   1553�察  �luckily   only  in   effigy�察  �for   he   had   escaped   to 

Geneva�此        �but he adds�察 �next year they burned several heretics�察─�it being 

not   worth   while   to   mention   their   names。       In   1556   they   burned   alive   at 

Toulouse Jean Escalle�察�a poor Franciscan monk�察�who had found his order 

intolerable�察  �while   one   Pierre   de   Lavaur�察  �who   dared   preach   Calvinism   in 

the streets of Nismes�察�was hanged and burnt。                 So had the score of judicial 

murders been increasing year by  year�察�till it had to be�察�as all evil scores 



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have   to   be   in   this   world�察  �paid   off   with   interest�察  �and   paid   off   especially 

against   the   ignorant   and   fanatic   monks   who   for   a   whole   generation�察  �in 

every   university   and   school   in   France�察  �had   been   howling   down   sound 

science�察  �as   well   as   sound   religion�察  �and   at   Montpellier   in   1560´61�察  �their 

debt   was   paid   them   in   a   very   ugly   way。   News   came   down   to   the   hot 

southerners of Languedoc of the so´called conspiracy of Amboise。How 

the   Duc   de   Guise   and   the   Cardinal   de   Lorraine   had   butchered   the   best 

blood in France under the pretence of a treasonable plot�察�how the King of 

Navarre and the Prince de Conde had been arrested�察�then how Conde and 

Coligny were ready to take up arms at the head of all the Huguenots of 

France�察�and try to stop this life´long torturing�察�by sharp shot and cold steel�察�

then how in six months' time the king would assemble a general council to 

settle   the   question   between   Catholics   and   Huguenots。           The   Huguenots�察�

guessing      how     that   would     end�察   �resolved     to   settle   the   question     for 

themselves。        They   rose   in   one   city   after   another�察  �sacked   the   churches�察�

destroyed   the   images�察  �put   down   by   main   force   superstitious   processions 

and dances�察�and did many things only to be excused by the exasperation 

caused by thirty years of cruelty。           At Montpellier there was hard fighting�察�

murdersso say the Catholic historiansof priests and monks�察�sack of the 

new cathedral�察�destruction of the noble convents which lay in a ring round 

Montpellier。       The     city   and   the   university     were    in  the   hands    of  the 

Huguenots�察�and Montpellier became Protestant on the spot。 

     Next year came the counter´blow。               There were heavy battles with the 

Catholics      all   round    the   neighbourhood�察        �destruction     of   the   suburbs�察�

threatened siege and sack�察�and years of misery and poverty for Montpellier 

and all who were therein。 

     Horrible was the state of France in those times of the wars of religion 

which   began   in   1562�察  �the   times   which   are   spoken   of   usually   as   ;The 

Troubles�察─�as if men did not wish to allude to them too openly。                    Then�察�and 

afterwards in the wars of the League�察�deeds were done for which language 

has no name。         The population decreased。             The land lay untilled。         The 

fair face of France was blackened with burnt homesteads and ruined towns。 



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Ghastly   corpses       dangled   in    rows    upon   the    trees�察 �or   floated   down     the 

blood´stained streams。          Law and order were at an end。              Bands of robbers 

prowled in open day�察�and bands of wolves likewise。                      But all through the 

horrors   of   the   troubles   we   catch   sight   of   the   little   fat   doctor   riding   all 

unarmed to see his patients throughout Languedoc�察�going vast distances�察�

his biographers say�察�by means of regular relays of horses�察�till he too broke 

down。 Well�察�for him�察�perhaps�察�that he broke down when he did�察�for capture 

and recapture�察�massacre and pestilence�察�were the fate of Montpellier and 

the surrounding country�察�till the better times of Henry IV。 and the Edict of 

Nantes in 1598�察�when liberty of worship was given to the Protestants for 

awhile。 

     In   the   burning   summer   of   1566�察  �Rondelet   went   a   long   journey   to 

Toulouse�察�seemingly upon an errand of charity�察�to settle some law affairs 

for his relations。       The sanitary state of the southern cities is bad enough 

still。   It must have been horrible in those days of barbarism and misrule。 

Dysentery   was   epidemic   at   Toulouse   then�察  �and   Rondelet   took   it。             He 

knew from the first that he should die。                He was worn out�察�it is said�察�by 

over´exertion�察�by sorrow for the 

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺