ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及7何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

Europe�察�and even beyond it�察�along the dreary western shores of Greenland 

itself�察�are the symbols of a splendid repentance for their own sins and for 

the sins of their forefathers。 

     Gudruna   herself�察  �of   whom  I   spoke   just   now�察  �one of   those old   Norse 

heroines who helped to discover America�察�though a historic personage�察�is a 

symbolic one likewise�察�and the pattern of a whole class。                    She too�察  �after 

many journeys to Iceland�察�Greenland�察�and Winland�察�goes on a pilgrimage 

to Rome�察�to get�察�I presume�察�absolution from the Pope himself for all the 

sins of her strange�察�rich�察�stormy�察�wayward life。 

     Have     you   not   readmany      of  you   surely   haveLa      Motte    Fouque's 

romance      of   ;Sintram�拭─     �It   embodies     all  that  I  would     say。   It  is  the 

spiritual drama of that early Middle Age�察�very sad�察�morbid if you will�察�but 

true to fact。     The Lady Verena ought not�察�perhaps�察�to desert her husband�察�

and shut herself up in a cloister。         But so she would have done in those old 

days。     And      who    shall   judge   her   harshly    for   so   doing�拭    �When      the 

brutality of the man seems past all cure�察�who shall blame the woman if she 

glides   away   into   some   atmosphere   of   peace   and   purity�察  �to   pray   for   him 

whom       neither   warnings     nor   caresses    will  amend�拭     �It   is  a  sad   book�察�

;Sintram。;       And yet not too sad。         For they were a sad people�察�those old 

Norse forefathers of ours。          Their Christianity was sad�察�their minsters sad�察�

there are few sadder�察�though few grander�察�buildings than a Norman church。 

     And   yet�察  �perhaps�察  �their   Christianity  did   not   make   them  sad。      It   was 



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but   the   other   and   the   healthier   side   of   that   sadness   which   they   had   as 

heathens。       Read     which     you    will   of  the   old   sagasheathen       or   half´ 

Christianthe Eyrbiggia�察�Viga Glum�察�Burnt Niall�察�Grettir the Strong�察�and�察�

above   all�察  �Snorri   Sturluson's   ;Heimskringla;   itself   and   you   will   see   at 

once how sad they are。           There is�察�in the old sagas�察�none of that enjoyment 

of   life   which   shines   out   everywhere   in   Greek   poetry�察  �even   through   its 

deepest tragedies。        Not   in   placency with   Nature's   beauty�察�but   in   the 

fierce struggle with her wrath�察�does the Norseman feel pleasure。                       Nature 

to him was not�察�as in Mr。 Longfellow's exquisite poem�察。�3�� the kind old 

nurse�察�to take him on her knee and whisper to him�察�ever anew�察�the story 

without   an   end。     She   was   a   weird   witch´wife�察  �mother   of   storm   demons 

and frost giants�察�who must be fought with steadily�察 �warily�察�wearily�察 �over 

dreary     heaths    and   snow´capped        fells�察 �and    rugged    nesses    and    tossing 

sounds�察�and away into the boundless seaor who could live�拭� ´till he got 

hardened in the fight into ruthlessness of need and greed。                   The poor strip 

of flat strath�察�ploughed and re´ploughed again in the short summer days�察�

would yield no more�察�or wet harvests spoiled the crops�察�or heavy snows 

starved   the   cattle。    And   so   the   Norseman   launched   his   ships   when   the 

lands were sown in spring�察�and went forth to pillage or to trade�察�as luck 

would have�察�to summerted�察�as he himself called it�察�and came back�察�if he 

ever   came�察  �in   autumn   to   the   women   to   help   at   harvest´time�察  �with   blood 

upon his hand。        But had he stayed at home�察�blood would have been there 

still。   Three out of four of them had been mixed up in some man´slaying�察�

or had some blood´feud to avenge among their own kin。 

     The   whole   of   Scandinavia�察  �Denmark�察  �Sweden�察  �Norway�察  �Orkney�察  �and 

the rest�察�remind me ever of that terrible picture of the great Norse painter�察�

Tiddeman�察  �in   which   two   splendid   youths�察  �lashed   together�察  �in   true   Norse 

duel fashion by the waist�察�are hewing each other to death with the short 

axe�察�about some hot words over their ale。               The loss of life�察�and that of the 

most gallant of the young�察�in those days must have been enormous。                        If the 

vitality   of   the   race   had   not   been   even   more   enormous�察  �they   must   have 

destroyed   each   other�察  �as   the   Red   Indians   have   done�察  �off   the   face   of   the 



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earth。     They   lived   these   Norsemen�察  �not   to   livethey   lived   to   die。    For 

what   cared   they�拭  �Deathwhat   was   death   to   them�拭  �what   it   was   to   the 

Jomsburger Viking�察�who�察�when led out to execution�察�said to the headsman�此�

;Die� �with all pleasure。          We used to question in Jomsburg whether a man 

felt when his head was off�拭           �Now I shall know�察�but if I do�察�take care�察�for I 

shall smite thee with my knife。             And meanwhile�察�spoil not this long hair 

of mine�察�it is so beautiful。; 

     But�察�oh� �what waste�           �What might not these men have done if   they 

had sought peace�察�not war�察�if they had learned a few centuries sooner to do 

justly�察�and love mercy�察�and walk humbly with their God�拭�

     And yet one loves them�察�blood´stained as they are。                    Your own poets�察�

men   brought   up   under   circumstances�察  �under   ideas   the   most   opposite   to 

theirs�察  �love   them�察  �and   cannot   help   it。   And   why�拭      �It   is   not   merely   for 

their bold daring�察�it is not merely for their stern endurance�察�nor again that 

they   had   in   them   that   shift   and   thrift�察  �those   steady   and   mon´sense 

business   habits�察  �which   made   their   noblest   men   not   ashamed   to   go   on 

voyages of merchandise。             Nor is it�察�again�察�that grim humourhumour as 

of the modern Scotchwhich so often flashes out into an actual jest�察�but 

more usually underlies unspoken all their deeds。                 Is it not rather that these 

men are our forefathers�拭�that their blood runs in the veins of perhaps three 

men out of four in any general assembly�察�whether in America or in Britain�拭�

Startling as the assertion may be�察�I believe it to be strictly true。 

     Be that as it may�察�I cannot read the stories of your western men�察�the 

writings of Bret Harte�察�or Colonel John Hay�察�for instance�察�without feeling 

at   every   turn   that   there   are   the   old   Norse   alive   again�察  �beyond   the   very 

ocean which they first crossed�察�850 years ago。 

     Let me try to prove my point�察�and end with a story�察�as I began with 

one。 

     It   is   just   thirty   years   before   the   Norman   conquest   of   England�察  �the 

ev

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺