Europe�察�and even beyond it�察�along the dreary western shores of Greenland
itself�察�are the symbols of a splendid repentance for their own sins and for
the sins of their forefathers。
Gudruna herself�察 �of whom I spoke just now�察 �one of those old Norse
heroines who helped to discover America�察�though a historic personage�察�is a
symbolic one likewise�察�and the pattern of a whole class。 She too�察 �after
many journeys to Iceland�察�Greenland�察�and Winland�察�goes on a pilgrimage
to Rome�察�to get�察�I presume�察�absolution from the Pope himself for all the
sins of her strange�察�rich�察�stormy�察�wayward life。
Have you not readmany of you surely haveLa Motte Fouque's
romance of ;Sintram�拭─ �It embodies all that I would say。 It is the
spiritual drama of that early Middle Age�察�very sad�察�morbid if you will�察�but
true to fact。 The Lady Verena ought not�察�perhaps�察�to desert her husband�察�
and shut herself up in a cloister。 But so she would have done in those old
days。 And who shall judge her harshly for so doing�拭 �When the
brutality of the man seems past all cure�察�who shall blame the woman if she
glides away into some atmosphere of peace and purity�察 �to pray for him
whom neither warnings nor caresses will amend�拭 �It is a sad book�察�
;Sintram。; And yet not too sad。 For they were a sad people�察�those old
Norse forefathers of ours。 Their Christianity was sad�察�their minsters sad�察�
there are few sadder�察�though few grander�察�buildings than a Norman church。
And yet�察 �perhaps�察 �their Christianity did not make them sad。 It was
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but the other and the healthier side of that sadness which they had as
heathens。 Read which you will of the old sagasheathen or half´
Christianthe Eyrbiggia�察�Viga Glum�察�Burnt Niall�察�Grettir the Strong�察�and�察�
above all�察 �Snorri Sturluson's ;Heimskringla; itself and you will see at
once how sad they are。 There is�察�in the old sagas�察�none of that enjoyment
of life which shines out everywhere in Greek poetry�察 �even through its
deepest tragedies。 Not in placency with Nature's beauty�察�but in the
fierce struggle with her wrath�察�does the Norseman feel pleasure。 Nature
to him was not�察�as in Mr。 Longfellow's exquisite poem�察。�3�� the kind old
nurse�察�to take him on her knee and whisper to him�察�ever anew�察�the story
without an end。 She was a weird witch´wife�察 �mother of storm demons
and frost giants�察�who must be fought with steadily�察 �warily�察�wearily�察 �over
dreary heaths and snow´capped fells�察 �and rugged nesses and tossing
sounds�察�and away into the boundless seaor who could live�拭� ´till he got
hardened in the fight into ruthlessness of need and greed。 The poor strip
of flat strath�察�ploughed and re´ploughed again in the short summer days�察�
would yield no more�察�or wet harvests spoiled the crops�察�or heavy snows
starved the cattle。 And so the Norseman launched his ships when the
lands were sown in spring�察�and went forth to pillage or to trade�察�as luck
would have�察�to summerted�察�as he himself called it�察�and came back�察�if he
ever came�察 �in autumn to the women to help at harvest´time�察 �with blood
upon his hand。 But had he stayed at home�察�blood would have been there
still。 Three out of four of them had been mixed up in some man´slaying�察�
or had some blood´feud to avenge among their own kin。
The whole of Scandinavia�察 �Denmark�察 �Sweden�察 �Norway�察 �Orkney�察 �and
the rest�察�remind me ever of that terrible picture of the great Norse painter�察�
Tiddeman�察 �in which two splendid youths�察 �lashed together�察 �in true Norse
duel fashion by the waist�察�are hewing each other to death with the short
axe�察�about some hot words over their ale。 The loss of life�察�and that of the
most gallant of the young�察�in those days must have been enormous。 If the
vitality of the race had not been even more enormous�察 �they must have
destroyed each other�察 �as the Red Indians have done�察 �off the face of the
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earth。 They lived these Norsemen�察 �not to livethey lived to die。 For
what cared they�拭 �Deathwhat was death to them�拭 �what it was to the
Jomsburger Viking�察�who�察�when led out to execution�察�said to the headsman�此�
;Die� �with all pleasure。 We used to question in Jomsburg whether a man
felt when his head was off�拭 �Now I shall know�察�but if I do�察�take care�察�for I
shall smite thee with my knife。 And meanwhile�察�spoil not this long hair
of mine�察�it is so beautiful。;
But�察�oh� �what waste� �What might not these men have done if they
had sought peace�察�not war�察�if they had learned a few centuries sooner to do
justly�察�and love mercy�察�and walk humbly with their God�拭�
And yet one loves them�察�blood´stained as they are。 Your own poets�察�
men brought up under circumstances�察 �under ideas the most opposite to
theirs�察 �love them�察 �and cannot help it。 And why�拭 �It is not merely for
their bold daring�察�it is not merely for their stern endurance�察�nor again that
they had in them that shift and thrift�察 �those steady and mon´sense
business habits�察 �which made their noblest men not ashamed to go on
voyages of merchandise。 Nor is it�察�again�察�that grim humourhumour as
of the modern Scotchwhich so often flashes out into an actual jest�察�but
more usually underlies unspoken all their deeds。 Is it not rather that these
men are our forefathers�拭�that their blood runs in the veins of perhaps three
men out of four in any general assembly�察�whether in America or in Britain�拭�
Startling as the assertion may be�察�I believe it to be strictly true。
Be that as it may�察�I cannot read the stories of your western men�察�the
writings of Bret Harte�察�or Colonel John Hay�察�for instance�察�without feeling
at every turn that there are the old Norse alive again�察 �beyond the very
ocean which they first crossed�察�850 years ago。
Let me try to prove my point�察�and end with a story�察�as I began with
one。
It is just thirty years before the Norman conquest of England�察 �the
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