hyarmen 'south' (Quenya) in Hyarmentir; Sindarin har…; harn; harad。
ia 'void; abyss' m Moria。
iant 'bridge' in Iant Iaur。
iath 'fence' in Doriath。
iaur 'old' in Iant Iaur; cf。 the Elvish name of Bombadil; Iarwain。
ilm… This stem appears in Ilmen; Ilmar?; and also in Ilmarin ('mansion of the high airs'; the dwelling of
Manw? and Varda upon Oioloss?)。
ilúv? 'the whole; the all' in Ilúvatar。
kal' (gal…) This root; meaning 'shine'; appears in Calacirya; Calaquendi; Tar…Calion; galvorn; Gil…galad;
Galadriel。 The last two names have no connexion with Sindarin galadh tree'; although in the case of Galadriel such a
connexion was often made; and the name altered to Galadhriel。 In the High…elven speech her name was Al(a)táriel;
derived from alata 'radiance' (Sindarin galad) and riel 'garlanded maiden' (from a root rig… 'twine; wreathe'): the
whole meaning 'maiden crowned with a radiant garland'; referring to her hair。 calen (galen) 'green' is etymologically
'bright'; and derives from this root; see also aglar。
káno 'mander': this Quenya word is the origin of the second element m Fingon and Turgon。
kel… 'go away'; of water 'flow away; flow down'; in Celon; from et…kele 'issue of water; spring' was derived;
with transposition of the consonants; Quenya ehtele; Sindarin eithel。
kemen 'earth' in Kementári; a Quenya word referring to the earth as a flat floor beneath menel; the heavens。
kheliek… 'ice' in Helcar; Helcarax? (Quenya helka 'icy; ice…cold')。 But in Helevorn the first element is Sindarin
heledh 'glass'; taken from Khuzdul kheled (cf。 Kheled…zaram 'Mirrormere'); Helevorn means 'black glass' (cf。
galvorn)。
khil… 'follow' in Hildor; Hildórien; Eluchíl。
kir… 'cut; cleave' in Calacirya; Cirth; Angerthas; Cirith (Ninniach; Thoronath)。 From the sense 'pass swiftly
through' was derived Quenya círya 'sharp…prowed ship' (cf。 English cutter); and this meaning appears also in Círdan;
Tar…Ciryatan; and no doubt in the name of Isildur's son Círyon。
lad 'plain; valley' in Dagorlad; Himlad; imlad a narrow valley with steep sides; in Imladris (cf。 also Imlad Morgul
in the Ephel Dúath)。
laure 'gold' (but of light and colour; not of the metal) in Laurelin; the Sindarin forms in Glóredhel;
Glorfindel; Loeg Ningloron; Lórindol; Rathlóriel。
lhach 'leaping flame' m Dagor Bragollach; and probably in Anglachel (the sword made by E?l of meteoric
iron)。
lin (1) 'pool; mere' in Linaewen (which contains aew 'Quenya aiwe' 'small bird'); Teiglin; cf。 aelin。
lin… (2) This root; meaning 'sing; make a musical sound'; occurs in Ainulindal?; Laurelin; Lindar; Lindon; Ered
Lindon; lómelindi。
lith 'ash' in Anfauglith; Dor…nu…Fauglith; also in Ered Lithui; the Ashen Mountains; forming the northern border of
Mordor; and Lithlad 'Plain of Ashes* at the feet of Ered Lithui。
lok… 'bend; loop' in Urulóki (Quenya 'h'lók? 'snake; serpent'; Sindarin Ih?g)。
lóm 'echo' in Dor…lómin; Ered Lómin; related are Lammoth; Lanthir Lamath。
lóm? 'dusk' m Lómion; lómelindi; see dú。
lond? 'land…locked haven' in Alqualond?; the Sindarin form lond (lonn) in Mithlond。
los 'snow' in Oioloss? (Quenya oio 'ever' and losse 'snow; snow…white'); Sindarin loss in Amon Uilos and
Aeglos。
loth 'flower' in Lothlórien; Nimloth; Quenya lót? in Ninquelót?; Vingilót?。
luin 'blue' in Ered Luin; Helluin; Luinil; Mindolluin。
maeg 'sharp; piercing' (Quenya maika) in Maeglin。
mal… 'gold' in Malduin; Malinalda; also m mallorn; and in the Field of Cormallen; which means 'golden
circle' and was named from the culumalda trees that grew there (see cul…)。
man… 'good; blessed; unmarred' in Aman; Manw?; derivatives of Aman in Amandil; Araman; úmanyar。
mel… 'love' in Melian (from Melyanna 'dear gift'); this stem is seen also in the Sindarin word mellon 'friend'
m the inscription on the West…gate of Moria。
men 'way' in Númen; Hyarmen; Rómen; Formen。
menel 'the heavens' m Meneldil; Menelmacar; Meneltarma。
mereth 'feast' in Mereth Aderthad; also in Merethrond; the Hall of Feasts in Minas Tirith。
minas 'tower' in Annúminas; Minas Anor; Minas Tirith; etc。 The same stem。 occurs in other words referring to
isolated; prominent; things; e。g。 Mindolluin; Mindon; probably related is Quenya minya 'first' (cf。 Tar…Minyatur; the
name of Elros as first King of Númenor)。
m?r 'jewel' (Quenya m?r?) m Elemmír?; Gwaith…i…Mírdain; Míriel; Nauglamír; Tar…Atanamir。
mith 'grey' in Mithlond; Mithrandir; Mithrim; also hi Mitheithel; the river Hoarwell in Eriador。
mor 'dark' in Mordor; Morgoth; Moria; Moriquendi; Mormegil; Morwen; etc。
moth 'dusk' in Nan Elmoth。
nan(d) 'valley' m Nan Dungortheb; Nan Elmoth; Nan Tathren。
nár 'fire' in Narsil; Narya; present also in the original forms of Aegnor (Aikanáro 'Sharp Flame' or 'Fell Fire') and
F?anor (Feanaro 'Spirit of Fire')。 The Sindarin form was naur; as in Sammath Naur; the Chambers of Fire in
Orodruin。 Derived from the same ancient root (a)nar was the name of the Sun; Quenya Anar (also in Anárion);
Sindarin Anor (cf。 Minas Anor; Anorien)。
naug 'dwarf' in Naugrim; see also Nogrod in entry groth。 Related is another Sindarin word for 'dwarf';
nogoth; plural noegyth (Noegyth Nibin 'Petty…dwarves') and nogothrim。
…(n)dil is a very frequent ending of personal names; Amandil; E?rendil (shortened E?rnil); Elendil; Mardil;
etc。; it implies 'devotion'; 'disinterested love' (see Mardil in entry bar)。
…{n)dur in names such as E?rendur (shortened E?rnur) is similar in meaning to …(n)dil。
neldor 'beech' in Neldoreth; but it seems that this was properly the name of Hírilorn; the great beech…tree with
three trunks (nelde 'three' and orn)。
nen 'water'; used of lakes; pools; and lesser rivers; in Nen Girith; Nenning; Nenuial; Nenya; Cuiviénen;
Uinen; also in many names in The Lord of the Rings; as Nen Hithoel; Bruinen; Emyn Arnen; Núrnen。 N?n 'wet' in
Loeg Ningloron; also in Nindalf。
nim 'white' (from earlier nimf; nimp) in Nimbrethil; Nimloth; Nimphelos; niphredil (niphred 'pallor'); Barad
Nimras; Ered Nimrais。 The Quenya form was ninque; thus Ninquelót?=Nimloth。 Cf。 also Taniquetil。
orn 'tree' in Celeborn; Hírilorn; cf。 Fangorn 'Treebeard' and mallorn; plural mellyrn; the trees of Lothlórien。
orod 'mountain' in Orodruin; Thangorodrim; Orocarni; Orom?t。 Plural ered in Ered Engrin; Ered Linden;
etc。
os(t) 'fortress' in Angrenost; Belegost; Formenos; Fornost; Mandos; Nargothrond (from Narog…ost…rond);
Os(t)giliaih; Ost…in…Edhil。
palan (Quenya) 'far and wide' in Palantíri; Tar…Palantir。
pel… 'go round; encircle' in Pelargir; Pelóri; and in the Pelennor; the 'fenced land' of Minas Tirith; also in
Ephel Brandir; Ephel Dúath (ephel from et…pel 'outer fence')。
quen… (quet…) 'say; speak' in Quendi (Calaquendi; Laiquendi; Moriquendi); Quenya; Valaquenta; Quenta
Silmarillion。 The Sindarin forms have p (or b) for qu; e。g。 pedo 'speak' in the inscription on the West…gate of Moria;
corresponding to the Quenya stem quet; and Gandalf's words before the gate; lasto beth lammen 'listen to the words
of my tongue'; where beth 'word'