《牛津实用英语语法》

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牛津实用英语语法- 第75部分


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Do you care?相当于:
Are you concerned?/Do you feel concern?
你关心吗?/你在乎吗?
而Do you mind?常常是Do you object?(你反对吗?)的意思。
(另参见第263节。)




'Amber demo'


295 care,like,love,hate,prefer

A 用于条件句中时,这些动词之后常常接带to的不定式:
Would you care/like to e with me?
你愿意和我一起去吗?
I’d like to(e)very much./I’d love to(e).
我非常高兴去。
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone.
要我一个人过圣诞节,我会很不高兴的。
这里我们想的是将来的特定的动作。
B 但是,如果没有想到一个特定的动作而是谈及主语的一般喜好,则在 would care for,would like后面接动名词。注意这里的 would care for/would like可由 would enjoy代替:
She would like/would enjoy riding if she could ride better.
她要是骑马能骑得好一点,她会喜欢骑马的。
I wonder if Tom would care for/would enjoy hang…gliding.
我不知道汤姆是否会喜欢三角翼滑翔。
hate和prefer同样可以这样使用,但是比较少见。
C 如果 care for,like (=enjoy),love,hate和prefer用于现在时和过去时,后面一般接动名词:
He doesn’t/didn’t care for dancing.
他不喜欢跳舞。
They love/loved wind…surfing.
他喜欢冲浪运动。
He prefers/preferred walking to cycling.
他喜欢散步,不喜欢骑自行车。
但这里也可以用不定式,而且在美国英语中特别普遍:
They love/loved to run on the sands.
他们喜欢在沙滩上跑步。
D 请注意like也有认为是明智的或正确的的意思。这时like后常常可接不定式:
She likes them to play in the garden.
她愿意让他们在院子里玩。(她认为他们在那里玩是安全的。)
I like to go to the dentist twice a year.
我总爱每年去看两次牙医。(我认为这样是明智的。)
上面一句与 I like going to the dentist比较,后者含有我喜欢去看牙医的意思。同样:I don’t like to go(我不想去)常常意指 I don’t think it right to go(我认为去是不正确的)及Idon’t like going(我不喜欢去)。
注意这两个否定式之间还有一个区别。I don’t like to go常常意指 I don’t go because I don’t think it right(我不去是因为我认为不该去)。I don’t like going常常意指 I go,although I
don’t enjoy it(尽管我不愿意去,我还是去)。同样:I didn’t
like to open the letter(我不想拆信)意为I didn’t open it be…cause I didn’t think it right to do so(我没拆开信,因为我认为不该这么做)。但I didn’t like opening the letter意为 I openedit reluctantly(我不情愿地拆开了信)。
E 在enjoy和dislike之后常常接名词/代词或动名词。




'Amber demo'


296 would like和 want

A 在下列情况下,这两个词可以互换使用:
1 用于请求或有关请求的问句中(但这里不使用 would not like,参见下面B1):
Customer:I’d like some raspberries,please./I want some raspberries,please.
顾客:请给我拿点儿木莓。
Greengrocer:I’m afraid I haven’t any.Would you like somestrawberries?
蔬菜水果商:对不起,我没有木莓了。您来点草莓怎么样?
Customer:No,I don’t want any strawberries,thanks.
顾客:不,谢谢,我不想要草莓。(这里不能用 wouldn’t like。)
I would like常常要比 I want更有礼貌。
would you like?要比do you want?更有礼貌,也更殷勤。
would you like?可以含有愿意满足别人的希望的意思。do youwant?则不含有这种意思。因此,与顾客或客人打交道时,通常用 would you like?:
Caller:I’d like to/I want to speak to Mr X,please.
打电话者:我想找X先生说话。
Telephonist:Mr X is out.Would you like to speak to Mr Y?
话务员:X先生出去了。您跟Y先生说行吗?
2 如果不是提出请求而只是谈到愿望时,可以随意用would like或want的肯定式、疑问式或否定式。它们的意思没有区别,然而,I want要比I would like显得更自信。 I want通常不用于表示不可实现的愿望:
I would like to live on Mars.
但愿我能住到火星上去。
B would like和want在下列用法中不能互换:
1 表示邀请时用 would you like?结构,而不能用do you want?结构:
Would you like a cup of coffee?
您想喝一杯咖啡吗?
Would you like to e to the theatre?
您想来剧院看戏吗?
do you want?用于此处只表示一种询问,不含有邀请的意思。
2 wouldn’t like和 don’t want是有区别的。
don’t want表示没有某种愿望;wouldn’t like表示不喜欢。因此,wouldn’t like不能用来回答邀请或提议,因为在这种回答中 wouldn’t like的口气将是不礼貌的。在这里常用 don’twant或其他形式来代替 wouldn’t like:
—Would you like some more coffee?
—No,I don’t want any more,thanks./No,thanks.
—您再来点儿咖啡吗?
—不,不要了,谢谢。
C 在过去时中这两种形式的变化不同。在间接引语中want变为 wanted,而would like不起变化:
Tom said,‘I would like/want to see it.’
汤姆说:“我想看看它”。相当于:
Tom said he would like/wanted to see it.
汤姆说他想看看它。
但如果不用间接引语的结构来表示,只能说: Tom wanted tosee it(这里我们不能用would like因为Tom would like to seeit的意思是指现在或将来)。
D would like有两个过去形式:would like+ 不定式的完成式或would like+ 不定式/名词/代词。这些形式只能表示未能实现的愿望:
I’d like to have gone skiing./I’d have liked a day’s skiing.
我本想去滑雪的。(但我未能实现我的愿望。)




'Amber demo'


297 would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer

would rather和would sooner之间没有区别,但经常听到的是would rather。
A would rather/sooner的主语与后面的动作的主语相同时,would rather/sooner之后常常接不带to的不定式:
Tom would rather read than talk.
汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。
1 would rather/sooner+ 不带to的不定式可用来表示现在的动作,以代替prefer+ 动名词:
Tom prefers reading to talking.
汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
注意:would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式,而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。
prefer后面也可跟名词,而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形:
He prefers wine to beer.相当于:
He would rather drink wine than beer.
他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf.相当于:
I’d rather play tennis than golf.
我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。
某些 prefer+ 名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来:He prefers dogs to cats(他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫)和 Hewould rather have dogs than cats(他宁可养狗而不愿养猫)意思并不完全相同。
2 would rather+ 不带 to的不定式不能表示过去的偏爱。所以与 Tom would rather read than talk相当的过去形式为 Tompreferred reading to talking/liked reading better than talking。(参见下面4。)
3 would rather+ 不带to的不定式可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式:
I’d rather fly than go by sea./I’d prefer to fly.
我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
注意:用would prefer时,只提到你愿意做的这件事,而不提另外一件你不愿做的事,如上所述。因此,如想把愿意和不愿意的两个动作都提到,则要用would rather。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样:
—Would you like some gin?
—I’d prefer a coffee./I’d rather have coffee than gin.
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗?
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡,不想喝杜松子酒。
4 would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式,但后者带to:
We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air/I’d prefer to have goneby air.
我们是乘船去的,可我本想乘飞机去。(我愿意乘飞机去,可我的愿望未能实现。)
这和 would like+ 不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。(参见第296节D。)
B 如句子的两个主语不相同,可用主语+ would rather/sooner后面跟主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气)结构:
—Shall I give you a cheque?
—I’d rather you paid cash.
—我付给您支票行吗?
—我想您最好付现金。
注意:用would rather+主语+didn’t表示带否定意义的偏爱:
—Would you like him to paint it?
—No,I’d rather he didn’t(paint it).
—您想让他给它上油漆吗?
—不,我希望他不要这么做。
Ann wants to tell Tom,but I’d rather she didn’t(tell him).
安想告诉汤姆,但我不想让她告

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