《牛津实用英语语法》

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牛津实用英语语法- 第83部分


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(注意: say不包括在这些动词中,关于用say转述的间接命令/请求,参见第321节。)
He said,‘ Get your coat,Tom!’
他说:“汤姆,去穿你的外衣!”相当于:
He told Tom to get his coat.
他叫汤姆去穿外衣。
‘You had better hurry,Bill!’she said.
她说:“比尔,你最好快点!”相当于:
She advised Bill to hurry.
她劝比尔快点。
B 否定意义的命令、请求等通常用not+不定式转述:
‘Don’t swim out too far,boys,’I said.
我说:“孩子们,不要游出太远。”相当于:
I warned/told the boys not to swim out too far.
我警告孩子们,叫他们不要游出太远。
forbid也可用来表示禁止,但多用于被动语态,不太用于主动语态。
C上面所示动词要求加宾语+不定式,即它们后面必须直接跟说话的对方,不带介词。(另参见第89节。)在直接命令、请求等中常不提及说话的对方:
He said,‘Go away!’
他说:“走开!”
当转述这样的命令或请求时,必须加上名词或代词:
He told me/him/her/us/them/the children to go away.
他叫我/他/她/我们/他们/孩子们走开。
ask与上述A所示的动词有点差别,ask的后面也可直接跟某些动词(如 see, speak to, talk to)的带 to的不定式:
He said,‘Could I see Tom,please?’
他说:“我可以见汤姆吗?”相当于:
He asked to see Tom.
他要求见汤姆。(参见第283节。)
但这和ask+宾语+不定式类型的请求有很大不同。
ask和beg后面都可以跟不定式的被动式:
‘Do,please,send me to a warm climate,’ he asked/begged.
他要求/请求道:“请务必将我送到气候暖和的地方去。”相当于:
e asked/begged us to send him to a warm climate.
他要求/请求我们将他送到气候暖和的地方去。
He asked/begged to be sent to a warm climate.
他要求/请求把他送到气候暖和的地方去。
D表示间接命令、请求及劝告的例句
注意:直接命令通常用祈使句表示,但要求和忠告可用多种方法来表示(参见第283节至第287节):
‘If I were you,I’d stop taking tranquillizers,’I said.
我说:“如果我是你,我就停止眼用镇静药。”相当于:
I advised him to stop taking tranquillizers.
我劝他停止服用镇静药。(参见第311节D。)
‘Why don’t you take off your coat?’he said.
他说:“为什么不脱下你的大衣?”相当于:
He advised me to take off my coat.
他建议我脱下大衣。(参见第287节。)
‘Would/Could you show me your passport,please?’he said.
他说:“请出示您的护照。”相当于:
He asked me to show him my passport.
他要我向他出示护照。
He asked me for/He asked to see my passport.
他要求看我的护照。
‘You might post some letters for me,’said my boss.
我的老板说:“不知你能否给我寄几封信?”相当于:
My boss asked me to post some letters for him.
我的老板请我给他寄几封信。
‘If you’d just sign the register,’said the receptionist.
接待员说:“请在登记本上签名。”相当于:
The receptionist asked him to sign the register.
接待员要他在登记本上签名。
‘Do sit down,’said my hostess.
我的女主人说:“请坐下。”相当于:
My hostess asked/invited me to sit down.
我的女主人请我坐下。
‘Please,please don’t take any risks,’said his wife.
他妻子说:“请千万别冒险。”相当于:
His wife begged/implored him not to take any risks.
他妻子恳求他别冒险。
‘Forget all about this young man,’said her parents,‘don’t see him again or answer his letters.’
“把那个男孩子全忘了吧,”她父母说,“别再见他,也别再回信了。”相当于:
Her parents ordered her to forget all about the young man and told her not to see him again or answer his letters.
她的父母要求她把那个男孩子全忘了,而且告诉她别再见他,也别再给他回信。
She was ordered to forget all about the young man and forbidden to see him again or answer his letters.
她被要求把那个男孩子全忘了,而且被禁止见那个男孩子或给他回信。(被动结构)
‘Don’t forget to order the wine,’said Mrs Pitt.
皮特夫人说:“别忘了订购酒。”相当于:
Mrs Pitt reminded her husband to order the wine.
皮特夫人提醒她丈夫别忘了订购酒。
‘Try again,’said Ann’s friends encouragingly.
安的朋友们鼓励地说:“再试试看。”相当于:
Ann’s friends encouraged her to try again.
安的朋友们鼓励她再试一次。
‘Go on,apply for the job,’said Jack.
杰克说:“去申请这个工作吧。”相当于:
Jack urged/encouraged me to apply for the job.
杰克敦促/鼓励我去申请这个工作。
‘You had better not leave your car unlocked,’said my friends,‘there’s been a lot of stealing from cars.’
“你最好别忘了锁车门,”我的朋友说,“已经发生了许多起偷盗车内物品的事件了。”相当于:
My friends warned me not to leave my car unlocked as there had been a lot of stealing from cars.
我的朋友警告我不要忘了锁车门,因为已发生了许多起车内物品被盗事件了。
will you。。。类型的句子通常被看做请求,因此可以用 ask进行转述:
‘Will all persons not travelling please go ashore,’he said. 他说:“不是随船旅行的人上岸。”相当于:
He asked all persons not travelling to go ashore.
他要求所有不是随船旅行的人上岸。
但如果 will you句式的句子是用严厉或烦躁的口气说出,而且
省略了please,则可用tell或order进行转述:
‘Will you be quiet!/Be quiet,will you!’he said.
他说:“请安静!/请安静,好吗?”相当于:
He told/ordered us to be quiet.
他命令我们安静。




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321间接命令的其他表示方法

Asay/tell+宾语+be+不定式:
He said/told me that I was to wait.
他说我得等着。
这种结构可以代替tell+不定式结构,因此:
He said,‘Don’t open the door.’
他说:“别开门。”
可转述为:
He told me not to open the door.
他让我别开门。
He said that I wasn’t to open the door.
他叫我不要开门。
be+不定式结构特别常用于下列场合:
1如命令是由动词现在式引导的:
He says,‘Meet me at the station.’
他说:“在车站接我。”相当于:
He says that we are to meet him at the station.
他让我们到车站去接他。
(在这里使用 He tells us to meet him。。。形式的可能性要小得多。)
2如命令前有一个从句时(一般为时间从句或条件从句):
He said,‘If she leaves the house follow her.’
他说:“如果她离开这所房子,就跟着她。”
He said that if she left the house I was to follow her.
他说如果她离开这所房子,我就得跟着她。
He told me to follow her if she left the house(他让我在她离开这所房子时跟着她)同样也是可以的。但需注意,如果在这里用 tell+不定式结构,就必须首先改变从句的位置,将命令部分放在前面。有时这会使一个句子变得不顺或难解。如一个表示请求的句子If you see Ann tell her to ring me(如果你看见安,让她给我打个电话)可转述为He told me to tell Ann to ring him if I saw her。但为了避免不顺或难解,这种表示请求的句子只能用be+不定式结构来进行转述:
He said that if I saw Ann I was to tell her to ring him.
他说如果我见到安,我得告诉她给他打个电话。
B say/tell(+ that)+主语+should
1 ay/tell与 should结构连用,一般表示劝告而并不是命令:
He said,‘If your brakes are bad don’t drive so fast.’
他说:“如果你的刹车不灵,就别开得这么快。”相当于:
He said/told me that if my brakes were bad I shouldn’t drive so fast.
他嘱咐我如果我的刹车不灵,就别开得那么快。
He advised me not to drive so fast if my brakes were bad.
他忠告我如果我的刹车不灵,就别开那么快。(注意:这里的从句位置的变化与上面tell+不定式结构相同。)
2表示劝告也可以用advise,remend和urge+that…should结构。这种结构的被动式形式用得更为广泛(参见第302节E):
‘I advise cancelling the meeting,’he said.
他说:“我建议取消会议。”
He advised that the meeting should be cancelled.
他建议会议应予取消。
3 mand和order也可以与should或被动式连用:
‘Evacuate the area!’ordered the superintendent.
警务长命令说:“所有人员撤出这一地区!”相当于:
The superintendent ordered that everyon

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