《牛津实用英语语法》

下载本书

添加书签

牛津实用英语语法- 第94部分


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
同时,要掌握每一短语动词是及物的(即需要有宾语)或是不及物的(即不需要宾语)。这很重要。
look for是及物短语动词:
I am looking for my passport.
我在找我的护照。
look out是不及物短语动词:
look out!This ice isn’t safe!
当心!这冰危险!
本章后文中的每一短语动词都标有“tr”(transitive,及物)或“intr”(intransitive,不及物)符号。每一短语动词的用法举例将有助于表明二者之间的差别。
注意:一个短语动词可能有两种或两种以上的不同的意思,也可能其中一个或几个是及物的,另外一个或几个是不及物的。如take off可意为“拿掉”,所以它是及物的:
He took off his hat.
他摘下他的帽子。
take off也可意为“起飞”(用于飞机)。这时它是不及物的:
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
飞机是10点钟起飞的。
B 及物短语动词:宾语的位置
作宾语的名词通常位于及物短语动词之后:
I am looking for my glasses.
我正在找我的眼镜。
作宾语的名词与某些短语动词连用时,可位于句末,也可以紧跟在动词之后,即用于小品词前。可以说:
He took off his coat./He took his coat off.
他脱掉外衣。
宾格代词有时位于短语动词之后:
I am looking for them.
我正在找他们。
但宾格代词在大多数情况下紧跟在动词之后:
He took it off.
他把它脱掉了。
宾格代词常位于下列小品词之前:up,down, in, out, away,off和on(词组call on拜访除外)。
每一习语下表明用法的例句将以下列方法标明作宾语的名词或代词的各种可能的位置:
I’ll give this old coat away.(give away this old coat/give it away)
我将把这件旧外衣送掉。
即,在使用这一短语动词时,作宾语的名词既可位于away之前,也可位于其后;而宾格代词只可位于away之前。在只给出一个例句时,读者可以推定宾格代词的位置与作宾语的名词位置相同。
C 这些短语动词后面的宾语如果是动词,则应使用动词的动名词形式:
He kept on blowing his horn.
他不断地吹喇叭。
通常使用动名词之处,将举例说明。
请注意,某些短语动词后面应带动词不定式:
It is up to yon to decide this for yourself.
这事全由你自己决定。
Some of the younger members called on the minister to resign.
某些较年轻的议员要求部长辞职。
The lecturer set out to show that most illnesses were avoldable.
讲师开始表明多数疾病是可以预防的。
go on既可以带不定式,也可以带动名词,但二者的意义有相当大的不同。参见第270节A。




'Amber demo'


363 动词+介词/副词的组合

account
account for(tr)(为某事)给出充分的理由,圆满地解释(某种行为或某项支出),做出交代:
A treasurer must account for the money he spends.
财务负责人必须对他支付的款项做出交代。
He has behavd in the most extraordinary way;I can’t account for hisactions at all/I can’t account for his behaving like that.
他的行为极为奇怪,我完全无法解释他的行动/我无法为他那样的举动做出解释。
allow
allow for(tr)预先为某事留有余地,考虑到(常指某种额外的需要、支出、耽搁等):
—It is 800 kilometres and I drive at 100 k.p.h., so I’ll be there in eighthours.
—But you’ll have to allow for delays going through towns and for stopsfor refuelling.
—距离是800公里,而我的车速是每小时100公里,因此我八小时后可以到那里。
—可是你得把通过市镇和停车加油所耽搁的时间考虑进去。
Allowing for depreciation your car should be worth£2,000 this timenext year.
如果考虑到折旧,你的车明年此时应当值2,000英镑。
answer
answer back(intr),answer somebody back反驳别人的责难,回嘴顶撞:
Father:Why were you so late last night? You weren’t in till2 a.m.
父亲:你昨晚回家为什么这么晚?你直到凌晨两点钟才回来。
Son:You should have been asleep.
儿子:那时候你本该睡着了。
Father:Don’t answer me back.Answer my question.
父亲:别跟我顶嘴。回答我的问题。
ask
ask after/for somebody 探询有关……的信息,(向第三者)问某人健康如何:
I met Tom at the party;he asked after you.
我在聚会上遇见了汤姆;他问你好。(问你健康如何/问你过得怎么样)
ask for
(a)寻找某人并想和他/她说话,要求见到某人:
Go to the office and ask for my secretary.
到办公室去,找我的秘书。
(b)要求,索要:
The men asked for more pay and shorter hours.
工人们要求增加工资,减少工时。
ask someone in(宾语在in之前)请某人进来:
He didn’t ask me in;he kept me standing at the door while he read the message.
他没有让我进去;他径自看那张条子,让我站在门口等着。
ask someone out(宾语在out之前)请某人出去参加娱乐活动或吃饭(特别是在公众地方吃饭):
She had a lot of friends and was usually asked out in the evenings,so she seldom spent an evening at home.
她有很多朋友,晚上常被邀请外出,因此她晚上很少在家里呆着。
back
back away(intr)慢慢地退回去(因为遇到某种危险或不愉快的事):
When he took a gun out everyone backd away nervously.
他拿出枪来时,大家都紧张地向后退去。
back out(intr)退出(某事先已同意的联合行动),停止或拒绝给予所允诺的帮助或支持:
He agreed to help but backed out when he found how difficult it was.
他本来同意给予帮助的,但在发现事情有多么困难之后就打退堂鼓了。
back somebody up从道义上或行动上支持:
The headmaster never backed up his staff.(backed them up)If a parentplained about a teacher he assumed that the teacher was in thewrong.
校长从来不给教员们撑腰。凡是有家长给老师提意见时,他总是认为一定是老师不对。
be
be against(tr)反对(常带动名词):
I’m for doing nothing till the police arrive./I’m against doing anythingtill the police arrive.
我赞成在警察来到以前不采取行动。/我反对在警察到来以前采取任何行动。
be away(intr)(至少有一个晚上)不在家,不在某地
be back(intr)在长期或短暂地离开之后回到原地:
—I want to see Mrs Pitt.Is she in?
—No,I’m afraid she’s out at the moment./No,I’m afraid she’s awayfor the weekend.
—When will she be back?
—She’ll be back in half an hour/next week.
—我想见皮特夫人。她在吗?
—不,恐怕她现在不在。/不,我想她外出度周末了。
—她什么时候回来?
—她半小时后/下周回来。
be for(tr)赞成(常带动名词)
be in(intr)在家或在某个建筑物内
be in for(tr)将要遇上(常跟某种令人不愉快的事):
Did you listen to the weather forecast? I’m afraid we’re in for a bumpyflight.
你听气象预报没有?恐怕我们这次航班要很颠簸。
If you think that the work is going to be easy you’re in for a shock.
如果你以为这工作将容易,那么你可要大吃一惊了。
be out(intr)短时间不在家/不在某个建筑物里,但并不在外过夜
be over(intr)结束:
The storm is over now;we can go on.
暴风雨过去了;我们可以继续走了。
be up(intr)起床了:
Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sundaymorning.She won’t be up.
星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。
be up to(tr)体力或智力足以……(宾语常用it,但也可用动名词):
After his illness the Minister continued in office though he was no longerup to the work/up to doing the work.
部长生病后继续任职,但他已力不胜任了。
be up to something/some mischief/some trick/no good从事或忙于某种调皮的、不正道的或有害的事/捣鬼:
Don’t trust him;he is up to something/some trick.
别信他;他在搞鬼/在耍诡计。
The boys are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.
男孩子们无声无息了。我不知他们在捣什么鬼。
注意:这里up to的宾语常是某一很不确定的词语,如上面例句所示。这个习语从来不与某一具体明确的事连用。
it is up to someone(常带动词不定式)此事是某人的职责:
It is up to the government to take action on violence.
采取行动对付暴力行为,是政府职责所在。
I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.
我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。(你得靠自己的努力干下去。)
bear
bear out(tr)证实,提供证明:
This report bears out my theory.(b

小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。 赞一下 添加书签加入书架