ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及12何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

nature�察�and to prefer for an hour�察�to the normal and respectable ditch´water�察�

a    bottle    of   champagne        or   even     a  carouse      on   fire´water�察    �let   the 

consequences be what they may。 

     How else shall we explain such a phenomenon as those old crusades�拭�

Were they undertaken for any purpose�察�mercial or other�拭�Certainly not 

for   lightening   an   overburdened   population。            Nay�察  �is   not   the   history   of 

your own Mormons�察�and their exodus into the far West�察�one of the most 

startling instances which the world has seen for several centuries�察�of the 



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unexpected   and   incalculable   forces   which   lie   hid   in   man�拭       �Believe   me�察�

man's passions�察�heated to igniting point�察�rather than his prudence cooled 

down      to   freezing    point�察   �are   the  normal      causes    of   all  great   human 

movement。         And   a   truer   law   of   social   science   than   any   that   political 

economists are wont to lay down�察�is that old DOV' E LA DONNA�拭�of the 

Italian   judge�察  �who   used   to   ask�察  �as   a   preliminary   to   every   case�察  �civil   or 

criminal�察�which was brought before him�察�Dov' e la donna�拭                      �Where is the 

lady�拭─�certain�察�like a wise old gentleman�察�that a woman was most probably 

at the bottom of the matter。 

     Strangeness�拭       �Romance�拭        �Did any of you ever readif you have not 

you     should     readArchbishop        Whately's      ;Historic     Doubts      about    the 

Emperor Napoleon the First;�拭             �Therein the learned and witty Archbishop 

proved�察�as early as 1819�察�by fair use of the criticism of Mr。 Hume and the 

Sceptic School�察�that the whole history of the great Napoleon ought to be 

treated   by   wise   men   as   a   myth   and   a   romance�察  �that   there   is   little   or   no 

evidence   of   his   having   existed   at   all�察  �and   that   the   story   of   his   strange 

successes and strange defeats was probably invented by our Government 

in order to pander to the vanity of the English nation。 

     I   will    say   this�察  �which     Archbishop       Whately�察     �in   a  late   edition�察�

foreshadows�察  �wittily   enoughthat   if   one   or   two   thousand   years   hence�察�

when the history of the late Emperor Napoleon the Third�察�his rise and fall�察�

shall    e     to   be   subjected     to   critical   analysis    by   future    Philistine 

historians of   New  Zealand or Australia�察 �it   will   be proved by  them  to   be 

utterly mythical�察�incredible�察�monstrousand that all the more�察�the more the 

actual facts remain to puzzle their unimaginative brains。                    What will they 

make two thousand years hence�察�of the landing at Boulogne with the tame 

eagle�拭     �Will not that�察�and stranger facts still�察�but just as true�察�be relegated 

to   the   region   of   myth�察  �with   the   dream   of Astyages�察  �and   the   young   and 

princely herdsman playing at king over his fellow´slaves�拭�

     But   enough   of   this。     To   me   these   bits   of   romance   often   seem   the 

truest�察�as well as the most important portions of history。 

     When old Herodotus tells me how�察�King Astyages having guarded the 



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frontier�察�Harpagus sent a hunter to young Cyrus with a fresh´killed hare�察�

telling   him   to   open   it   in   private�察  �and   how�察  �sewn   up   in   it   was   the   letter�察�

telling him that the time to rebel was e�察�I am inclined to say�察�That must 

be true。     It is so beneath the dignity of history�察�so quaint and unexpected�察�

that it is all the more likely NOT to have been invented。 

     So    with    that  other    storyHow      young     Cyrus�察   �giving    out   that   his 

grandfather   had   made   him   general   of   the   Persians�察  �summoned   them   all�察�

each man with a sickle in his hand�察�into a prairie full of thorns�察�and bade 

them clear it in one day�察�and how when they�察�like loyal men�察�had finished�察�

he bade them bathe�察�and next day he took them into a great meadow and 

feasted them with corn and wine�察�and all that his father's farm would yield�察�

and   asked   them  which   day  they  liked   best�察  �and�察  �when they  answered   as 

was to be expected�察�how he opened his parable and told them�察 �Choose�察�

then�察�to work for the Persians like slaves�察�or to be free with me。; 

     Such a tale sounds to me true。            It has the very savour of the parables 

of the Old Testament�察�as have�察�surely�察�the dreams of the old Sultan�察�with 

which   the   tale   begins。     Do   they   not   put   us   in   mind   of   the   dreams   of 

Nebuchadnezzar�察�in the Book of Daniel�拭�

     Such stories are actually so beautiful that they are very likely to be true。 

Understand me�察�I only say likely�察�the ditch´water view of history is not all 

wrong。      Its   advocates   are   right   in   saying   great   historic   changes   are   not 

produced   simply   by   one   great   person�察  �by   one   remarkable   event。          They 

have     been    preparing�察    �perhaps     for   centuries。    They     are  the   result   of 

numberless       forces�察  �acting    according     to  laws�察   �which    might    have    been 

foreseen�察    �and    will  be   foreseen�察   �when     the  science    of   History    is  more 

perfectly understood。 

     For instance�察�Cyrus could not have conquered the Median Empire at a 

single blow�察�if first that empire had not been utterly rotten�察�and next�察�if he 

and his handful of Persians had not been tempered and sharpened�察�by long 

hardihood�察�to the finest cutting edge。 

     Yes�察�there   were all   the   materials for the catastrophethe cannon�察�the 

powder�察�the shot。        But to say that the Persians must have conquered the 



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Medes�察�even if Cyrus had never lived�察�is to say�察�as too many philosophers 

seem to me to say�察�that�察�given cannon�察�powder�察�and shot�察�it will fire itself 

off some day if we only leave it alone long enough。 

     It   may   be   so。 But   our   usual   experience   of   Nature   and   Fact   is�察  �that 

spontaneous bustion is a rare and exceptional phenomenon�察�that if a 

cannon   is   to   be   fired�察  �someone   must   arise   and   pull   the   trigger。   And   I 

believe that in Society and Politics�察�when a great event is ready to be done�察�

someone must e and do itdo it�察�perhaps�察�half unwittingly�察�by some 

single rash actlike that first fatal shot fired by an electric spark。 

     But to return to Cyrus and his Persians。 

     I know not whether the ;Cyropaedia; is much read in your schools and 

universities。     But it is on

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺