ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及28何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

prince�察�enlarging the wound twice�察�and torturing him seemingly on mere 

guesses。      ;I believe�察─�says Olivarez�察 �that all was done well�此                   �but as I 

have said�察�in wounds in the head there are strange labyrinths。;                    So on the 

7th   they   stand   round   the   bed   in   despair。     Don   Garcia   de   Toledo�察  �the 

prince's faithful governor�察�is sitting by him�察�worn out with sleepless nights�察�

and trying to supply to the poor boy that mother's tenderness which he has 

never known。 Alva�察�too�察�is there�察�stern�察�self´pressed�察�most terrible�察�and 

yet most beautiful。        He has a God on earth�察�and that is Philip his master�察�

and though he has borne much from Don Carlos already�察�and will have to 

bear more�察�yet the wretched lad is to him as a son of God�察�a second deity�察�

who   will   by   right   divine   succeed   to   the   inheritance   of   the   first�察  �and   he 

watches      this   lesser   deity   struggling     between      life  and   death    with    an 



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intensity of which we�察�in these less loyal days�察�can form no notion。                       One 

would   be   glad   to   have   a   glimpse   of   what   passed   through   that   mind�察  �so 

subtle and so ruthless�察�so disciplined and so loyal withal�此                   �but Alva was 

a man who was not given to speak his mind�察�but to act it。 

     One would wish�察�too�察�for a glimpse of what was passing through the 

mind of another man�察�who has been daily in that sick chamber�察�according 

to Olivarez's statement�察�since the first of the month�此�but he is one who has 

had�察�for some years past�察�even more reason than Alva for not speaking his 

mind。      What   he   looked   like   we   know   well�察  �for   Titian   has   painted   him 

from the lifea tall�察�bold�察�well´ dressed man�察�with a noble brain�察�square 

and yet lofty�察�short curling locks and beard�察�an eye which looks as though 

it feared neither man nor fiendand it has had good reason to fear both 

and   features   which   would   be   exceeding   handsome�察  �but   for   the   defiant 

snub´nose。 That is Andreas Vesalius�察�of Brussels�察�dreaded and hated by the 

doctors of the old schoolsuspect�察�moreover�察�it would seem to inquisitors 

and   theologians�察  �possibly   to   Alva   himself�察  �for   he   has   dared   to   dissect 

human bodies�察�he has insulted the mediaevalists at Paris�察�Padua�察�Bologna�察�

Pisa�察  �Venice�察  �in   open   theatre�察  �he   has   turned   the   heads   of   all   the   young 

surgeons in Italy and France�察�he has written a great book�察�with prints in it�察�

designed�察     �some     say�察  �by   Titianthey     were     actually    done    by   another 

Netherlander�察�John of Calcar�察�near Clevesin which he has dared to prove 

that    Galen's    anatomy      was   at  fault   throughout�察     �and   that   he  had    been 

describing   a   monkey's   inside   when   he   had   pretended   to   be   describing   a 

man's�察�and thus�察�by impudence and quackery�察�he has wormed himselfthis 

Netherlander�察�a heretic at heart�察�as all Netherlanders are�察�to God as well as 

to   Galeninto   the   confidence   of   the   late   Emperor   Charles   V。�察  �and   gone 

campaigning with him as one of his physicians�察�anatomising human bodies 

even on the battle´field�察�and defacing the likeness of Deity�察�and worse than 

that�察�the most religious King Philip is deceived by him likewise�察�and keeps 

him   in   Madrid   in   wealth   and   honour�察  �and   now�察  �in   the   prince's   extreme 

danger�察�the king has actually sent for him�察�and bidden him try his skilla 

man who knows nothing save about bones and muscles and the outside of 



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the body�察�and is unworthy the name of a true physician。 

     One      can    conceive     the    rage   of   the    old   Spanish      pedants     at  the 

Netherlander's   appearance�察  �and   still   more   at   what   followed�察�if   we   are   to 

believe   Hugo       Bloet   of   Delft�察  �his   countryman   and   contemporary。   ��10�� 

Vesalius�察�he says�察�saw that the surgeons had bound up the wound so tight 

that an abscess had formed outside the skull�察�which could not break�此                          �he 

asserted   that   the   only   hope   lay   in   opening   it�察  �and   did   so�察  �Philip   having 

given leave�察 �by two cross´cuts。               Then the lad returned to himself�察�as if 

awakened from a profound sleep�察�affirming that he owed his restoration to 

life to the German doctor。; 

     Dionysius Daza�察�who was there with the other physicians and surgeons�察�

tells   a   different    story�此     �The     most     learned�察   �famous�察    �and   rare   Baron 

Vesalius�察─  �he   says�察  �advised   that   the   skull   should   be   trepanned�察  �but   his 

advice was not followed。 

     Olivarez's   account   agrees   with   that   of   Daza。         They   had   opened   the 

wounds�察      �he   says�察  �down     to  the   skull   before    Vesalius     came。     Vesalius 

insisted     that   the  injury    lay   inside   the   skull�察  �and    wished     to  pierce    it。 

Olivarez      spends     much     labour    in   proving     that  Vesalius     had   ;no    great 

foundation   for   his   opinion�此─  �but   confesses   that   he   never   changed   that 

opinion      to  the   last�察 �though     all  the  Spanish     doctors     were    against    him。 

Then   on   the   6th�察  �he   says�察  �the   Bachelor   Torres   came   from   Madrid�察  �and 

advised that the skull should be laid bare once more�察�and on the 7th�察�there 

being   still   doubt   whether   the   skull   was   not   injured�察  �the   operation   was 

performedby         whom      it  is  not   saidbut    without     any    good    result�察  �or�察�

according to Olivarez�察�any discovery�察�save that Vesalius was wrong�察�and 

the skull uninjured。 

     Whether   this   second   operation   of   the   7th   of   May   was   performed   by 

Vesalius�察     �and   whether     it  was    that  of   which    Bloet    speaks�察   �is  an   open 

question。       Olivarez's      whole     relation    is   apologetic�察    �written    to   justify 

himself   and   his   seven   Spanish   colleagues�察  �and   to   prove   Vesalius   in   the 

wrong。       Public opinion�察�he confesses�察�had been very fierce against him。 

The   credit   of   Spanish   medicine   was   at   stake�此  �and   we   are   not   bound   to 



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believe implicitly a paper drawn up under such circumstances for Philip's 

eye。    This�察�at least�察�we gather�此�that Don Carlos was never trepanned�察�as is 

monly said�察  �and   this�察 �also�察�that   whichever of   the two   stories   is  true�察�

eq

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺