ゞhistorical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)〃

和墮云慕

耶紗慕禰

historical lectures and essays(臥櫛帽署帽旋煽雰讐恙)- 及32何蛍


梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��

of Vesalius into Vesanus ��madman�� was but a fair and gentle stroke for a 

polemic�察�in days in which those who could not kill their enemies with steel 

or    powder�察     �held   themselves       justified    in  doing     so�察  �if  possible�察    �by 

vituperation�察�calumny�察�and every engine of moral torture。                    But a far more 

terrible   weapon�察  �and   one   which   made   Vesalius   rage�察  �and   it   may   be   for 

once   in   his   life   tremble�察  �was   the   charge   of   impiety   and   heresy。      The 

Inquisition      was   a   very   ugly   place。    It   was    very   easy    to  get   into  it�察�

especially      for  a  Netherlander�此        �but    not  so   easy   to  get   out。   Indeed 

Vesalius must have trembled�察�when he saw his master�察�Charles V。�察�himself 

take   fright�察  �and   actually   call   on   the   theologians   of   Salamanca   to   decide 

whether   it   was   lawful   to   dissect   a   human   body。       The   monks�察  �to   their 

honour�察�used their mon sense�察�and answered Yes。                        The deed was so 



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plainly useful that it must be lawful likewise。                But Vesalius did not feel 

that he had triumphed。           He dreaded�察�possibly�察�lest the storm should only 

have blown over  for a time。            He  fell�察�possibly�察�into hasty disgust at   the 

folly of mankind�察�and despair of arousing them to use their mon sense�察�

and   acknowledge   their   true   interest   and   their   true   benefactors。         At   all 

events�察    �he    threw    into   the   fire   so   it  is   saidall   his   unpublished 

manuscripts�察      �the  records     of  long   years    of  observation�察    �and   renounced 

science thenceforth。 

     We hear of him after this at Brussels�察�and at Basle likewisein which 

latter city�察�in the pany of physicians�察�naturalists�察�and Grecians�察�he must 

have breathed awhile a freer air。           But he seems to have returned thence to 

his old master Charles V。�察�and to have finally settled at Madrid as a court 

surgeon   to   Philip   II。�察  �who   sent   him�察  �but   too   late�察  �to   extract   the   lance 

splinters from the eye of the dying Henry II。 

     He    was    now    married     to  a  lady   of  rank    from   Brussels�察    �Anne    van 

Hamme   by   name�察  �and   their   daughter   married   in   time   Philip   II。's   grand 

falconer�察�who was doubtless a personage of no small social rank。 Vesalius 

was well off in worldly things�察�somewhat fond�察�it is said�察�of good living 

and   of luxury�察  �inclined�察  �it   may  be�察 �to   say�察  �Let   us   eat   and   drink�察 �for   to´ 

morrow   we   die�察─  �and   to   sink   more   and   more   into   the   mere   worldling�察�

unless some shock should awake him from his lethargy。 

     And the awakening shock did e。                  After eight years of court life�察�

he resolved�察�early in the year 1564�察�to go on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem。 

     The reasons for so strange a determination are wrapped in mystery and 

contradiction。       The   mon   story   was   that   he   had   opened   a   corpse   to 

ascertain the cause of death�察�and that�察�to the horror of the bystanders�察�the 

heart was still seen to beat�察�that his enemies accused him to the Inquisition�察�

and that he was condemned to death�察�a sentence which was muted to 

that of going on pilgrimage。           But here�察�at the very outset�察�accounts differ。 

One says that the victim was a nobleman�察�name not given�察�another that it 

was     a  lady's   maid�察   �name     not   given。     It   is  most    improbable�察     �if  not 

impossible�察�that Vesalius�察�of all men�察�should have mistaken a living body 



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for   a   dead   one�察  �while   it   is   most   probable�察  �on   the   other   hand�察  �that   his 

medical enemies would gladly raise such a calumny against him�察�when he 

was     no   longer    in   Spain    to   contradict    it。   Meanwhile        Llorente�察    �the 

historian   of   the   Inquisition�察  �makes   no   mention   of   Vesalius   having   been 

brought before its tribunal�察�while he does mention Vesalius's residence at 

Madrid。      Another story is�察�that he went abroad to escape the bad temper 

of his wife�察�another that he wanted to enrich himself。                 Another storyand 

that not an unlikely oneis�察�that he was jealous of the rising reputation of 

his    pupil    Fallopius�察    �then    professor      of   anatomy      at   Venice。      This 

distinguished   surgeon�察 �as   I   said   before�察�had   written   a   book�察�in   which   he 

added      to  Vesalius's     discoveries�察    �and    corrected     certain   of   his   errors。 

Vesalius had answered him hastily and angrily�察�quoting his anatomy from 

memory�察  �for�察  �as   he   himself   plained�察  �he   could   not   in   Spain   obtain   a 

subject for dissection�察�not even�察�he said�察�a single skull。                 He had sent his 

book to Venice to be published�察�and had heard�察�seemingly�察�nothing of it。 

He may have felt that he was falling behind in the race of science�察�and that 

it was impossible for him to carry on his studies in Madrid�察�and so�察�angry 

with his own laziness and luxury�察�he may have felt the old sacred fire flash 

up in him�察�and have determined to go to Italy and bee a student and a 

worker once more。 

     The very day that he set out�察�Clusius of Arras�察�then probably the best 

botanist     in  the   world�察   �arrived    at  Madrid�察     �and�察  �asking    the   reason    of 

Vesalius's     departure�察    �was   told   by   their  fellow´countryman�察        �Charles     de 

Tisnacq�察  �procurator   for   the   affairs   of   the   Netherlands�察  �that   Vesalius   had 

gone of his own free will�察�and with all facilities which Philip could grant 

him�察  �in   performance   of   a   vow   which   he   had   made   during   a   dangerous 

illness。    Here�察�at least�察�we have a drop of information�察�which seems taken 

from  the   stream  sufficiently  near   to   the  fountain´head�此           �but   it   must   be 

recollected that De Tisnacq lived in dangerous times�察�and may have found 

it necessary to walk warily in them�察�that through him had been sent�察�only 

the   year   before�察  �that   famous   letter   from   William   of   Orange�察  �Horn�察  �and 

Egmont�察�the fate whereof may be read in Mr。 Motley's fourth chapter�察�that 



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the crisis of the Netherlands which sprung out of that letter was ing 

fast�察�and that�察�as De Tisnacq was on friendly terms with Egmont�察�he may 

have felt his head at times somewhat loose on his shoulders�察�especially if 

he had heard Alva say�察�as he wrote�察 �that every time he 

弌戻幣�紺� 指概 [Enter] 囚 卦指慕朕��梓 ○ 囚 卦指貧匯匈�� 梓 ★ 囚 序秘和匯匈。 壘匯和 耶紗慕禰紗秘慕尺